True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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1.
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Diesel engines have low maintenance requirements and long lives, but they are
not as responsive as gasoline engines.
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2.
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Nuclear fusion is the splitting of an atom’s nucleus, producing heat and
light energy.
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3.
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Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object because of its position
relative to the ground.
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4.
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Because wires carrying low-voltage electricity lose less energy to heat than do
high-voltage lines, low voltage is used to carry electricity over long distances.
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5.
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Most
of the energy used by the United States today comes from nonrenewable, or limited energy
sources.
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6.
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According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed,
only changed from one form to another.
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7.
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The
Wright brothers built the first successful flying vehicle that could carry people.
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8.
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Maglev trains, which are lifted, propelled, and guided by magnetic forces, can
travel up to 300 miles per hour.
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9.
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Subways and other mass transit systems typically use oil-based fuels that are burned
for power.
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10.
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In an
intermodal transportation system, freight is loaded onto containers that may be transferred
from trucks to railroads to ships.
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11.
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One
of the most significant tradeoffs in automobile design is between improved safety and increased
costs.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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12.
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Which
of the following is NOT a form of energy? a. | chemical | b. | natural | c. | thermal | d. | electrical | | |
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13.
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A
successful ____________________ power plant has not yet been built. a. | nuclear
fission | b. | nuclear fusion | c. | geothermal | d. | coal-powered | | |
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14.
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____________________ engines are used on jet airplanes and in
rockets. a. | Gas
turbine | b. | Gasoline | c. | External
combustion | d. | Diesel | | |
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15.
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Although ____________________ is the most abundant nonrenewable energy resource,
____________________ is the energy resource on which we depend most. a. | coal,
oil | b. | coal, natural
gas | c. | oil, natural
gas | d. | oil,
coal | | |
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16.
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Which
of the following is NOT a challenge to building geothermal power plants? a. | radioactive
waste disposal issues | b. | corrosive water | c. | limited number
of appropriate locations | d. | unstable land | | |
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17.
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A
stretched rubber band and a compressed spring contain ____________________ potential
energy. a. | elastic | b. | kinetic | c. | chemical | d. | gravitational | | |
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18.
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The
United States’ largest industry is the ____________________. a. | shipping
industry | b. | oil pipeline industry | c. | mass transit
industry | d. | automotive industry | | |
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19.
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The
first steam-powered boat to be successfully used was ____________________. a. | the
Clermont | b. | the SS United States | c. | the
Montgolfier | d. | the X-1 | | |
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20.
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Which
of the following is NOT a challenge posed by space travel? a. | weightlessness | b. | lack of air | c. | timelessness | d. | great distances to be traveled | | |
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21.
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The
first space vehicle, a satellite launched by the Soviet Union, was named
____________________. a. | Voyager | b. | the
X-1 | c. | Sputnik | d. | the Clermont | | |
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22.
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Which
of the following is an example of an active-lift aircraft? a. | a
blimp | b. | a hydrofoil | c. | an
airplane | d. | a hot-air balloon | | |
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23.
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Which
of the following materials is NOT typically used to manufacture aircraft bodies? a. | steel | b. | titanium | c. | aluminum | d. | fiber-epoxy composites | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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24.
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Power is measured in ____________________, a unit equivalent to one joule per
second.
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25.
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Burning a cord of wood (a stack 4 feet by 4 feet by 8 feet) produces as much heat as
about ____________________ gallons of oil.
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26.
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Excess unusable material from nuclear power plants, called ____________________,
contains unstable atoms that give off harmful radiation.
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27.
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Microorganisms are used to turn biomass into alcohol and carbon dioxide in the process
of ____________________.
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28.
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An
object that has more mass than an equal volume of water, or a greater ____________________ than
water, will sink.
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29.
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_________________________ systems are sometimes used to transport people from one part
of an airport or city to another, and involve automatically controlled cars in which people
stand.
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30.
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On
most factory assembly lines, parts are moved from workstation to workstation by a
____________________.
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31.
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____________________ passenger service started in the United States in
1914.
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32.
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____________________ brought many advances in airplane design and manufacture,
including the mass-production of planes and the development of the jet engine.
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Matching
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Match each term with the correct definition below. a. | work | f. | turbine | b. | energy | g. | biomass | c. | heat | h. | power | d. | joule | i. | external combustion | e. | fossil
fuel | j. | electrical
generator | | | | |
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33.
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burning fuel to heat a liquid such as water and convert it to steam, which in turn
does work
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34.
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thermal energy transferred from something warmer to something cooler
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35.
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the
ability to do work
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36.
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the
means by which energy is transferred from one object to another
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37.
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accumulated vegetable and animal wastes
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38.
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the
rate at which work is done
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39.
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amount of energy required to move an object 1 meter using 1 newton of
force
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40.
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converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
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41.
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circular device with blades, turned by wind or falling water to generate
electricity
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42.
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an
energy-rich substance formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years
ago
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Match each term with the correct definition below. a. | transmission | f. | lift | b. | hydrofoil | g. | weight | c. | submersible | h. | drag | d. | submarine | i. | thrust | e. | buoyancy | j. | pipeline | | | | |
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43.
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system of gears or belts that connects a vehicle’s motor to its
wheels
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44.
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upward force equal to the weight of air displaced by an object
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45.
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flattened fin that is attached to the bottom of a boat to lift it above the
water
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46.
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forward force produced by engines that move an object
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47.
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force
that pulls an object toward the earth; caused by gravity
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48.
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tendency of an object to float when it is submerged in a fluid
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49.
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wind
resistance
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50.
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system used to transport crude oil or natural gas
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51.
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large
type of submersible that can operate above or below the surface of the water
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52.
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small
vehicle that can stay underwater for short periods of time
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Short Answer
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53.
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List
the three steps in the firing of a gas turbine engine.
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54.
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Identify and explain the four steps in a gasoline engine’s four-stroke
combustion cycle.
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55.
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List
seven renewable energy sources.
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56.
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Briefly explain how an airplane wing creates lift.
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Problem
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57.
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a. If a concrete block requires
60,000 newtons of force to be lifted 3 meters into the air, how much work has been done, in
joules?
b. If this process takes 3 minutes, how much power has
been expended, in watts?
c. Finally, what type of energy has been invested in
this block by raising it?
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